Cultivation of Ganoderma Lucidum in Vietnam

Technique for growing red Ganoderma Lucidum to achieve high productivity
In fact, wanting to grow red Ganoderma Lucidum is neither easy nor too difficult. There have been many people who have successfully grown them and become billionaires, and some have seriously failed due to lack of technical knowledge, experience, and lack of farming skills. Building their own farming processes, most still have to depend entirely on embryo producers. Part of the risk is due to poor quality embryos and infected environments, which greatly affect the development of embryos. Mushrooms cause reduced productivity.

With some technical knowledge and experience in cultivating red Ganoderma Lucidum at Vietnam, we will guide and share techniques for growing red Ganoderma Lucidum to achieve high productivity.

1. Farming season:

The best growing season for mushroom cultivation is from January to October, because after October, there is a lot of rain and high humidity, leading to mushrooms being susceptible to disease and developing unevenly. Planting usually stops during this period until after Tet.

If anyone has the experience and techniques to grow red Ganoderma mushrooms with high productivity, they can still grow them from October onwards.

Ganoderma Lucidum can be grown 3/ to 4 times a year depending on the type of variety with a 3 to 4 month cultivation time. There are types that are grown for 6 months but most in Vietnam today mainly grow them. red Ganoderma mushrooms within 3 to 4 months from the date of transplanting.

2. Raw Materials

Red Ganoderma Lucidum use raw materials mainly sawdust from soft woods that do not contain toxic essential oils such as sawdust from rubber wood, jackfruit wood, sugarcane bagasse, or some herbaceous medicinal plants, but most In Vietnam, we all use abundant raw materials, not limited to rubber sawdust and sugarcane bagasse.

In addition, adding more additives, mixing more nutrients and natural minerals such as; Bran powder, cornstarch, MgSO4, lime, CaCO3, use clean water (domestic water)

Mix the ingredients uniformly to prepare sawdust composting. Incubate the sawdust for fermenting to radiate heat to decompose the fiber and evaporate the essential oils in the sawdust to help the raw materials absorb water and fertilize bacteria. destroys disease-causing pathogens present in raw materials.

The impurities in the sawdust should be filtered to easily absorb water and avoid tearing the bag. Testing sawdust moisture according to experience shows that materials lacking water are better than materials with too much water, which will cause anaerobic conditions and kill the mushroom filaments.

Incubate mushroom embryos quickly within 6 hours or more, do not incubate for more than 30 days.

Red Ganoderma Lucidum use raw materials mainly sawdust

3 .Bagging

It is required that the bag must be packed tightly, not loose, so that the bag weight is between 1.2kg and 1.5kg. The weight of the mushroom embryo must be enough, not too much or too little. The purpose of packaging is to prevent the silk from breaking or getting infected due to the environment and when moving.

Use a mushroom probe to make shallow holes when transplanting seeds to avoid causing the mushroom filaments to collide.

Use a plastic bag of size 19 to 20 to cover with sawdust, then proceed to make the neck, use a plastic stopper to make the neck, then stuff cotton into the mouth of the bag to prevent it from absorbing, then immediately autoclave and sterilize.

raw materials mainly sawdust from soft woods

4. Pasteurization Method

The sterilization technique is very important to destroy all microorganisms in the raw materials. Use the steaming method at 100 degrees Celsius for sterilization time within 12 hours. During the autoclaving process, the autoclave must have enough steam and reach the required temperature.

In addition, you can quickly autoclave 90 to 120 minutes using an Autoclave pressure cooker, steaming at a temperature of 119-126 degrees Celsius (pressure reaches 1.2 to 1.5 atm).

After steaming, reduce the temperature to 50 degrees Celsius before removing the bag of embryos from the oven to avoid high temperatures that can easily cause the bag to burn.

Pasteurization Method

5. Embryo implantation

Some techniques for cultivating red Ganoderma Lucidum to achieve high productivity, the most important is that the stage of isolating the varieties must be regular, otherwise the mushroom varieties will degenerate, be susceptible to diseases, and reduce productivity.

Preparation: sterilize everything from the seed growing room and tools to transplant the seeds, the seed growing room must be windproof, not too tight, the seed embryo bags should be cooled and transplanted immediately after steaming.

Seed culture tools: seed bottles, clamps, alcohol lamps, culture table, antiseptic alcohol must all be sterilized and cooled.

Be careful when transplanting seeds;

The transplanted seed must be of the right age. When transplanting, you should not put the alcohol lamp in the fire for too long to burn.

During the inoculation process, the seed culture bottle should always be placed horizontally. It is best to use an incubator to limit pathogens from the air, talking, and breathing.
Transplanting seeds can be done by the following two methods:

Method 1: transplant Ganoderma seeds on wooden sticks, need to make a hole in the embryo bag with a diameter of 1.8-2 cm and a depth of 15-17 cm. When transplanting, you need to place the bag of raw materials near an alcohol lamp, pick up each stick in the seed bag. transplant into the bag of raw materials.

Method 2: transplant the Ganoderma seed onto the seed, use a transplanting stick to gently spread the seed evenly on the surface of the bag of raw materials to avoid crushing the seed, put about 10-15 grams of the seed into the bag of raw materials, for each bag of spawn to be transplanted. 40 -50 bags of ingredients.

After transplanting the seeds, cover them with cotton and transport them to the mushroom incubation house. Always clean the mushroom incubation room.

Embryo implantation

6. Silk raising stage

Require the silk incubation house to be clean and ventilated to provide oxygen for the mushrooms to reduce temperature, reduce warmth and avoid mold growth.

The humidity of the embryo incubation house is about 75%_ 85%, the temperature is from 2oC to 30 degrees Celsius. Avoid sunlight, adjust the light to low but not too dark, the embryo incubation house should not be exposed to rain or leaks. Together with dried mushrooms or growing mushroom embryos, they should be kept in a separate incubation house. The silk composting house must be cleaned, sprayed with insecticide and sprinkled with lime.

Place the mushroom embryos on a shelf or hanging shelf. During the incubation period, do not water the mushroom embryos, avoid moving them, regularly check to see if the mushrooms are moldy or infected, then remove them from the incubation house.

Monitor the process of spreading the mycelium to the mycelium until 1/2 to 1/3 of the mycelium begins to form fruiting bodies. Remove a little layer of cotton from the neck of the seed bag so that the mushroom grows without getting stuck, then incubate until When the mushroom silk covers the bag evenly, after about 2 days, water it to maintain a temperature of 28 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 90%.

According to experience, when incubation time is short, white silk grows quickly and often does not achieve high productivity.

Silk raising stage

7. Care and harvesting stage.

Preparing a mushroom growing house must meet the following conditions:

Mushroom growing houses must be clean, airy, and well-lit, creating evenly diffused light in all directions to help mushrooms grow evenly.

The house where mushrooms are grown must be airtight, draft-proof and not suffocating, the roof must be rain-proof, covered with mesh to protect from the surrounding sun, the house must be strong to be proactive in all weather conditions, it needs to be kept moist but must be well-ventilated for good mushroom respiration. avoid infection.

Always ensure the temperature for mushrooms to grow well is between 22 degrees Celsius and 28 degrees Celsius, with air humidity.

Using clean water and cleaning around the mushroom growing area will help prevent the mushrooms from getting infected.
Soil mulching method:

Observe that the mycelium grows about 3/4 of the bag, remove the cotton layer, open the top of the bag, and cover the surface with a thin layer of soil about 3cm.

After covering the soil with red reishi mushrooms, you need to take care of them carefully, watering with mist to keep the soil moist. Do not water too much as this will cause the soil to stagnate, easily causing infection. From the first 7 to 10 days of covering the soil, you need to adjust the humidity to 75% to 90%, regularly water the soil every day.

It is necessary to maintain humidity from the time the red lingzhi mushroom fruiting bodies begin to emerge from the soil cover until harvest time. Watering and misting lightly about 3 to 4 times a day depending on weather conditions. Care lasts until the mushrooms begin to produce spores, then stop watering and misting about 10 days before harvesting.

The soil mulching method helps fungi grow very well, but it takes up a lot of space and is much more likely to cause infection, because the seed bag is in direct contact with the soil. If the soil is not treated carefully, there will still be many disease-causing bacteria.

Most red lingzhi mushroom farms in Vietnam do not choose to cultivate using the soil cover method. Cultivation time from the date of implanting the mushroom embryo is about 70 to 90 days depending on the variety and the culturing time is different.
Method without composting soil

During the period of 25-30 days, when you see that the mushroom mycelium has eaten up 3/4 of the bag of seeds, cut the bag and water. From 7-10 days, regularly water the floor to maintain humidity from 80% – 90% to reach have a certain degree of ventilation.

Most red lingzhi mushroom farms in Vietnam often apply this method of farming. This method saves farming area. You can place the mushroom embryos in the form of hanging ropes, or place them on the floor, and the mushrooms will grow. Best development is when the embryo bag is placed on an A-shaped shelf.

The harvesting period is when the mushrooms start to produce spores, about 10 days later, then collect the remains. When the mushrooms have just produced the spore layer, stop watering for about 10 days.

Use a plaster to cut the stem of the mushroom ear to the base and disinfect with lime, then continue cultivating one more round with the same care as in the beginning. The yield rate in the second round will be lower than the first round.

For every 3 kg of bright red Ganoderma mushrooms after drying, 1 kg of dried seeds will be obtained. For every 1,000 bags of dried embryos, about 16 to 20 kg will be obtained depending on the quality of the embryos.

At the end of farming, it is necessary to treat and sterilize the farm with 1% concentration of formaldehyde.

Farm construction and farming time takes about 1 to 3 years. The environment around the farm is infected with diseases, pollution causes fungal diseases, and the productivity rate is not high, requiring relocation and changing the farming location to a new place.

After harvesting the mushrooms will be dried or dried:

If the weather conditions are rainy, you must use an oven to dry the mushrooms at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius for 1-4 hours. When you see the mushroom ears are dry and hard, the drying is done.

It is best to dry red Ganoderma Lucidum under natural sunlight for about 2 to 3 sunny days. Be careful to dry them thoroughly to avoid mold when storing and for longer storage time.

Care and harvesting stage Ganoderma Lucidum

8. Product packaging

After drying, the red Ganoderma Lucidum are treated with microorganisms and bacteria before being packaged.

The preservation time is 1-2 years if packaged in a vacuum bag. When using red Ganoderma Lucidum, you must use very dry hands to pick up the mushrooms and then close the bag tightly to prevent moist air from entering.

Product packaging

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